Living systems · v5
Recording Development without Rewriting It: The Information Limits of Cellular Lineage Tracing
A lineage recorder is a noisy communication channel operating in a developing organism.
Read the review →170 Chinese and English research reviews connecting primary studies, mathematical models and inspectable evidence.

Living systems · v5
A lineage recorder is a noisy communication channel operating in a developing organism.
Read the review →Health and measurement · v5
Rare-disease screening is governed by denominators as much as by assay sensitivity.
Read the review →Health and measurement · v5
A biopsy observes a region, a sequencing assay observes molecules, and circulating DNA observes a shedding-weighted mixture.
Read the review →Health and measurement · v5
Messenger RNA delivery is a sequence of conditional transport and reaction steps.
Read the review →Health and measurement · v5
Solid-tumor cell therapy must cross barriers to access, recognition and sustained function.
Read the review →Health and measurement · v5
Pathogen genomes constrain outbreak histories but do not directly reveal who infected whom.
Read the review →Planetary change · v5
Atmospheric methane measurements observe concentrations after transport, whereas inventories describe emissions at sources.
Read the review →Planetary change · v5
Groundwater level, water storage and aquifer storage capacity are related but distinct quantities.
Read the review →Planetary change · v5
Marine ice-sheet instability is a geometric feedback, not a date on a forecast calendar.
Read the review →Planetary change · v5
Marine heatwaves are defined relative to a baseline, but organisms experience absolute temperature histories.
Read the review →Planetary change · v5
The Atlantic overturning circulation is inferred through direct arrays, hydrographic sections and indirect proxies that do not measure identical quantities.
Read the review →Materials and resources · v5
An atmospheric water harvester must adsorb, release, condense and collect water repeatedly.
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