Materials and resources · v5
Cooling beneath the Sky: Spectral Selectivity, Atmospheric Windows and System Boundaries
A radiative cooler exchanges energy with sunlight, the atmosphere, surrounding surfaces and moving air.
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170 Chinese and English research reviews connecting primary studies, mathematical models and inspectable evidence.
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Materials and resources · v5
Abundance Is Not Performance: Sodium-Ion Batteries from Electrode Metrics to Usable Packs
Sodium abundance does not determine battery energy density, lifetime or cost by itself.
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Materials and resources · v5
From a Large Figure of Merit to Useful Power: Thermoelectric Materials under Real Constraints
A high thermoelectric figure of merit is a material result, while useful electrical power is a device result.
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Materials and resources · v5
Separating Molecules at Scale: Membrane Selectivity, Permeance and Process-Level Value
A membrane separates molecules through both selective transport and a process-level pressure or chemical-potential gradient.
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Quantum and precision · v5
Time as a Measured Field: Optical Clock Networks, Correlated Errors and Relativistic Geodesy
Optical clocks convert atomic frequency comparisons into measurements of time, environmental shifts and gravitational potential.
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Quantum and precision · v5
Matter Waves as Accelerometers: Scale Factors, Wavefronts and the Cost of Longer Interrogation
Light-pulse atom interferometers encode acceleration in phase, but the same phase can contain wavefront, vibration and trajectory errors.
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Quantum and precision · v5
Learning from an Artificial Lattice: What Fermi-Hubbard Quantum Simulators Actually Measure
A cold-atom Fermi-Hubbard simulator realizes a controlled Hamiltonian and measures observables under finite temperature, finite size and imperfect detection.
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Quantum and precision · v5
A Superconducting Signature Is a Chain of Evidence: Nickelates, Interfaces and Competing Explanations
Nickelate superconductivity is supported through a chain of transport, magnetic, structural and reproducibility evidence.
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Quantum and precision · v5
Beyond the Absence of Order: Identifying Quantum Spin Liquids amid Disorder and Imperfect Probes
A quantum spin liquid cannot be identified solely by the absence of conventional magnetic order.
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Cosmic inference · v5
An Atmosphere through a Spectrum: Clouds, Stellar Contamination and Exoplanet Retrieval
Transmission spectroscopy measures a wavelength-dependent transit depth shaped by both a planet and its star.
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Cosmic inference · v5
Measuring Cosmic Expansion Twice: Calibration, Model Dependence and the Hubble Tension
The Hubble tension compares inferences that connect different observations to cosmic expansion through different calibration and model chains.
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Cosmic inference · v5
A Null Result with Structure: Exposure, Thresholds and Backgrounds in Dark-Matter Searches
A dark-matter exclusion curve is the result of an exposure, response and statistical model, not simply the absence of visible events.
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